نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشیار گروه اقتصاد و بانکداری اسلامی، دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
This paper examines one of the most significant issues in Islamic economics: the contrast between a people-centered economy and the prevailing economic systems based on extensive economic liberalization and competitive capitalism. In conventional economic thought, the natural outcome of unrestricted freedom of enterprise and intense competition has been the dominance of a capital-oriented private sector. Legal and institutional frameworks primarily serve to safeguard the interests of this wealthy elite, leading to a system where the supremacy of private ownership primarily benefits large capital holders. Following the decline of Marxism, capitalist schools of thought have gained greater influence, and many scholars now regard private sector dominance as the ultimate and universal solution to economic challenges. In capitalist systems, capital takes precedence over people; in practice, large-scale capital owners control the economy, while the majority of the population are effectively reduced to wage laborers. In Iran, several policies implemented over the past decades have been shaped by neoliberal orientations, among which privatization and market liberalization are central. Using an analytical approach, this study explains the perspectives of liberal and neoliberal economic schools and demonstrates that, contrary to certain assumptions, Islam does not endorse private-sector dominance or a capital-driven economy. The novelty of this research lies in its jurisprudential methodology, where Islamic narrations concerning wage labor are examined systematically. Through a detailed ijtihadi analysis, the apparent contradictions between two sets of narrations are resolved, leading to the conclusion that Islamic economics fundamentally promotes a people-oriented economic system. From an Islamic perspective, the ideal economic structure should encourage inclusive economic participation, enabling individuals and collectives alike to work and own the fruits of their labor. Economic frameworks must be designed to prevent destructive competition and monopolistic domination, ensuring that public empowerment replaces elite-driven concentration of wealth. Such an arrangement reflects the essence of economic justice in Islam. Under this model, people’s motivation to contribute to economic development maximizes, while, in contrast, capital-dominated systems degrade human dignity. A people-centered economy, therefore, leads to the flourishing of human dignity and the empowerment of the workforce.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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